The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the criminal legislation of foreign countries concerning the protection of personal liberty, honor, and dignity. The study focuses on the approaches of Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan to the classification and punishment of crimes such as kidnapping, unlawful detention, defamation, insult, and hate crimes. Special attention is given to current challenges, including digital crimes, cross-border jurisdiction, and international human rights standards. The author identifies key trends in the evolution of criminal law in this area, emphasizing the growing role of restorative justice and the need to balance freedom of expression with the protection of personal dignity.
criminal law, personal liberty, dignity, defamation, international standards, digital space, comparative law
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